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Aldosereductase-IN-2 (Compound 5f) is a potent inhibitor of aldose reductase (AR). Aldosereductase-IN-2 has antioxidation capacity. Aldosereductase-IN-2 is a promising anti-diabetic complications agent .
Aldose reductase-IN-3 (Compound 5) is a potent and moderately selective inhibitor of aldose reductase (AR) with an IC50 of 3.99 μM. Aldose reductase has recently emerged as a molecular target that is involved in various inflammatory diseases, including sepsis. Aldose reductase-IN-3 has the potential for the research of sepsis .
Aldose reductase-IN-7 (Compound 6k) targets Aldose reductase. Aldose reductase-IN-7 exhibits potent enzyme inhibitory activity (Ki = 0.186 ± 0.020 μM), showing superiority to Epalrestat (HY-66009), which is currently in clinical use. Aldose reductase-IN-7 is less cytotoxic and possesses potent anticancer activity .
Aldose reductase-IN-6 (Compound 3) is a competitive aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.164 μM and a Ki of 0.018 μM. Aldose reductase-IN-6 exhibits no cytotoxicity against healthy cells .
Aldose reductase-IN-4 (compund IIc) is an aldose reductase inhibitor with IC50s of 11.70 μM and 0.98 μM for aldehyde reductase 1 (ALR1) and ALR2, respectively .
Aldose 1-epimerase (mutarotases) is a key enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism catalysing the interconversion of the α- and β-anomers of hexose sugars such as glucose and galactose. Aldose 1-epimerase is essential for normal carbohydrate metabolism and the production of complex oligosaccharides .
As an aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor, the compound is used to enhance the combination of inhibitory excitability and antioxidant capacity to delay the progress of diabetes complications.
APPA is an aldose reductase inhibitor. APPA can effectively prevent apoptosis and the symptoms of Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-induced diabetes by inhibiting the polyol pathway in rats. APPA has the potential for diabetic nephropathy (DN) research .
Danshenol A, an abietane-type diterpenoid, is an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 μM. Danshenol A can protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress by directly scavenging ROS. Danshenol A has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Danshenol A can be used for atherosclerosis research [2] .
Danshenol B is a diterpenoid. Danshenol B has strong aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.042μM. Danshenol B can be used for the research of diabetic related complication resulted by metabolic abnormality, such as cataracts, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy .
Poliumoside, a caffeoylated phenylpropanoid glycoside, is isolated from Brandisia hancei stems and leaves. Poliumoside is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibitor, with IC50s of 19.69 and 8.47 μM, respectively. Poliumoside also has antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity [2] .
Xanthohumol D, isolated from hops, is an inhibitor of quinone reductase-2(QR-2) with the IC50 value of 110 μM, and binds to the active site of QR-2. Xanthohumol D shows antiproliferative activity on human cancer cell lines in vitro [2].
ALR1/2-IN-1 (Compound 6e) is an aldehyde reductase (ALR1) and aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor with IC50 values of 3.26 μM and 3.06 μM against ALR1 and ALR2, respectively. ALR1/2-IN-1 shows anticancer activity .
6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid is a potent and selective inhibitor of ALR2. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid inhibits ALR2, SDH andALR1 with IC50s of 9.6, 288 and 66.3 μM, respectively. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid clearly suppresses galactitol accumulation .
Fidarestat (SNK 860) is an inhibitor of aldose reductase, with IC50s of 26 nM, 33 μM, and 1.8 μM for aldose reductase, AKR1B10 and V301L AKR1B10, respectively; Fidarestat (SNK 860) has the potential to treat diabetic disease.
Alrestatin is an inhibitor of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes mellitus, including diabetic neuropathy.
Alrestatin sodium is an inhibitor of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes mellitus, including diabetic neuropathy.
Zenarestat is a potent and orally active aldose reductase inhibitor. Zenarestat improves diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats .
(Rac)-Byakangelicin is a racemate of Byakangelicin mainly isolated from the genus Angelica. Byakangelicin is an aldose-reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 μM .
Zopolrestat (CP73850) is a potent, orally active aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.1 nM. Zopolrestat is used for the research of diabetic complications .
Sorbinil is an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) that prevents the accumulation of sorbitol in cells or animals. Sorbinil is useful in studying diabetes and diabetic complications, reducing AR activity and inhibiting the polyol pathway.
β-Glucogallin is a potent and selective aldose reductase (AKR1B1) inhibitor. β-Glucogallin can be isolated from the medicinal plant Emblica officinalis .
Quercetin 3-gentiobioside is isolated from A. iwayomogi, AR and AGE formation inhibitor, demonstrates biological activities against Aldose reductase (AR) and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) .
Isoliquiritigenin is an anti-tumor flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., which inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 of 320 nM. Isoliquiritigenin is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus replication with an EC50 of 24.7 μM.
Ganoderic acid Df is a lanostane-type triterpenoid, that can be isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid Df potently inhibits aldose reductase, with an IC50 of 22.8 ± 0.6 μM .
Govorestat (AT-007) is an orally active brain-penetrant aldose reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 100 pM. Govorestat has the potential for galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency research .
Exisulind is an inactive metabolite of the nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory agent sulindac . Exisulind inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 of 367 nM in vitro and may contribute to the beneficial pharmacological effects of sulindac on type 2 diabetic complications [2].
Lidorestat (IDD-676) is a potent, selective and orally active aldose reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM. Lidorestat can be used for chronic diabetes complications. Lidorestat also improves nerve conduction and reduces cataract formation [2] .
WJ-39 is an orally active aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor. WJ-39 improves tubular damage in diabetic nephropathy rats by activating PINK1/Parkin signaling, promoting mitophagy, and attenuating apoptosis .
Groenlandicine is a protoberberine alkaloid isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma. Groenlandicine exhibits moderate inhibitory effect with IC50 value of 154.2 μM for human recombinant aldose reductase (HRAR) . Groenlandicine selectively induces topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage [2].
ALR2-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of aldose reductase (ALR2), with IC50s of 22 nM and 116 nM for rat ALR2 and ALR1, respectively. ALR2-IN-2 can be used for the research of diabetic complications .
ALR2-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of aldose reductase (ALR2), with IC50s of 27 nM and 228 nM for rat ALR2 and ALR1, respectively. ALR2-IN-2 can be used for the research of diabetic complications .
Antitrypanosomal agent 1 is a potent and selective trypanothione reductase (TR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.3 μM. Antitrypanosomal agent 1 inhibits glutathione reductase (GR) (IC50=64.8 μM) and T. brucei (EC50=1 μM). Antitrypanosomal agent 1 has anti-trypanosomal activity .
Ganoderic acid C2 is a bioactive triterpenoid in Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid C2 possesses the potential anti-tumor bioactivity, antihistamine, anti-aging and cytotoxic effects. Ganoderic acid C2 exhibits high inhibitory activity against the rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) with an IC50 of 3.8 µM [2].
Calceolarioside B is a natural product isolated from Akebia quinata leaves. Calceolarioside B exhibits significant inhibitory activity against rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) with an IC50 of 23.99 μM. Calceolarioside B displays inhibitory effect on DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 94.60 μM .
Ponalrestat (ICI 128436) is an orally active, selective and noncompetitive aldose reductase (AKR1B1; ALR) inhibitor. Ponalrestat selectively inhibits ALR2 (Ki=7.7 nM) over ALR1 (Ki=60 μM). Ponalrestat inhibits the conversion of glucose to sorbitol [2] .
Ranirestat (AS-3201) potent and orally active aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with IC50s of 11 nM and 15 nM for rat lens AR and recombinant human AR, respectively, and a Ki of 0.38 nM for recombinant human AR. Ranirestat has the potential for diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy treatment. Ranirestat also has a neuroprotective effect on diabetic retinas [2].
Methotrexate metabolite (DAMPA), the active metabolite of Methotrexate. Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist that is widely used as an immunosuppressant and chemotherapeutic agent . Methotrexate metabolite is an antimalarial agent, which inhibits the parasite growth with an IC50 of 446 nM against the antifolate-sensitive strain and 812 nM against the highly resistant strain under physiological folate conditions. Methotrexate metabolite is inactive against mammalian cells. Methotrexate metabolite is a minimal inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase among metabolites of methotrexate [2] .
MurB-IN-1 (compound 44) is an inhibitor of uridine diphosphate-N-acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase (MurB), with a Kd 3.57 μM. MurB, a target in P. aeruginosa, is an opportunistic infectious agent causing death .
6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) is an flavonoid isolated from Artemisia iwayomogi. 6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) is an inhibitor on aldose reductase (AR) and advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation activities with IC50 values of 30.29 μM and 134.88 μM, respectively. 6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) has potential as an anti-diabetic complications agent .
Clofarabine, a nucleoside analogue for research of cancer, is a potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (IC50=65 nM) by binding to the allosteric site on the regulatory subunit .
Ro 20-0657/000 is a metabolite of Trimethoprim. Trimethoprim is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, used as an antibacterial agent in human and veterinary medicine [2] .
2-Hydroxy atorvastatin lactone is a metabolite of Atorvastatin. Atorvastatin is an orally active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has the ability to effectively decrease blood lipids [2].
KSC-34, a covalent modifier of protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1), is also a selective and potent a-site inhibitor of PDIA1 with an IC50 of 3.5 μM. KSC-34 displays a 30-fold selectivity for a domain over a′ domain and displays high selectivity for PDIA1 in complex proteomes with minimal engagement of other members of the PDI family . KSC-34 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
SH-42 is a potent and selective inhibitor of human Δ 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24), with an IC50 of 42 nM. SH-42 can lead to a significant increase in plasma desmosterol levels of mice .
PMX464 (AW 464), a thiol-reactive quinol, is the inhibitor of thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (Trx/TrxR) system. PMX464 can inhibit NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory activation of human type II alveolar epithelial cells .
Trimidox (VF-233) is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor with antileukemic activities. Trimidox inhibits the growth of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells with an IC50 of 35 μM .
Menaquinone 9 is a vitamin K2 (HY-109569) analog. Menaquinone 9 acts as a prothrombogenic agent and functional electron transfer component in nitrate reductase .
Trimidox hydrochloride (VF-233) is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor with antileukemic activities. Trimidox hydrochloride inhibits the growth of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells with an IC50 of 35 μM .
TgENR-IN-1 (Compound 5a) is an inhibitor for Toxoplasma gondii enoyl reductase (TgENR), which inhibits 25% TgENR at 1 μM. TgENR-IN-1 exhibits toxicity with an IC50 of >10 μM in parasite tissue .
Dehydroglyasperin D inhibits rat and human Aldose Reductase (AR) (IC50: 62.4 μM and 176.2 μM respectively). Dehydroglyasperin D has anti-obesity, antioxidant effects. Dehydroglyasperin D shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting COX-2 expression and the MLK3 signaling pathway. Dehydroglyasperin D also inhibits melanin synthesis. Dehydroglyasperin D is a prenylated flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensi[2] .
2-Butenoyl coenzyme A (lithium), an active compound, can be used as a substrate for plasmodium falciparum enyl-ACP reductases and other enyl-CoA reductases. 2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium can be used as a substrate analogue to study the kinetics of β-hydroxyacyl-acyl-carrier protein (ACP) dehydratase (FabZ) .
TrxR inhibitor D9 is a potent and selective inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), with an EC50 of 2.8 nM. TrxR inhibitor D9 has the capability to inhibit tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo [2].
PAO-Nap is the modified PAO attached a naphthalimide fluorophore using aminocaproic acid as a linker. PAO induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 cells by selectively targeting thioredoxin reductase .
TRFS-green is a highly selective off−on fluorescent probe for imaging selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in living cells. TRFS-green has the maximum absorbance at around 373 nm. After it is activated by TrxR, the maximum absorbance shifts to around 440 nm .
Sel-green, a selective selenol fluorescent probe, is applied to quantify the Sec content in the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase and image endogenous Sec in live HepG2 cells .
Paecilaminol (FKI-0550) is potent NADH-fumarate reductase inhibitor. Paecilaminol exhibits an IC50 value of 5.1 μM against Ascaris suum NADH-fumarate reductase .
Ganomycin I is a dual inhibitor of α-Glucosidase and HMG-CoA reductase. Ganomycin I can also inhibits HIV protease. Ganomycin I exhibits anti-diabetic and anti-osteoclastogenesis effects [2].
Menthofuran is a proximate toxic metabolite of (R)-(+)-Pulegone. Menthofuran regulates essential oil biosynthesis in peppermint by controlling a downstream monoterpene reductase [2].
GW8510 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase-2(CDK2) inhibitor. GW8510 is also a ribonucleotide reductase M2(RRM2) inhibitor. GW8510 exhibits neuroprotective and anticancer activities [2] .
Cytochrome P450 reductase is a NADPH-cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome P450 reductase has a role in promoting aromatase conformation optimal for substrate binding .
2,6-Dimethoxyphenol-d6 is deuterated labeled Menthofuran (HY-N9484). Menthofuran is a proximate toxic metabolite of (R)-(+)-Pulegone. Menthofuran regulates essential oil biosynthesis in peppermint by controlling a downstream monoterpene reductase [2].
Triapine (hydrochloride) is the hydrochloride form of Triapine (HY-10082). Triapine (3-AP; PAN-811) is a potent inhibitor of the M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RR), and is a potent radiosensitizer .
D-Glucal is an organic compound belonging to the family of aldoses, which are monosaccharides containing an aldehyde functional group. It has a six-carbon structure and is derived from glucose by oxidation of the primary alcohol group at carbon 1 to an aldehyde group. D-Glucal is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and has a sweet taste. It is an important intermediate in the chemical synthesis of a wide variety of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products. D-Glucal can be converted into other carbohydrate derivatives such as glycosides, glycoconjugates and amino sugars. It also plays a role in the study of carbohydrate chemistry, where it is used as a chiral building block for the synthesis of complex structures.
COH29 (RNR Inhibitor COH29) is a potent ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitor with anticancer activity. COH29 inhibits α and β subunit of RNR with IC50s of 16 μM.
TRi-1 is a potent, specific and irreversible inhibitor of cytosolic thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), with an IC50 of 12 nM. TRi-1 has little mitochondrial toxicity for anticancer therapy .
Ferulenol, a sesquiterpene prenylated coumarin derivative, specifically inhibits succinate ubiquinone reductase at the level of the ubiquinonecycle. Ferulenol shows good antimycobacterial activity and haemorrhagic action [2] .
TNP-351 is an antifolate. TNP-351, a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, has potent antitumor activity against not only leukemia cells but also solid tumor cells in vitro and in vivo .
Acid Yellow 36 (Metanil Yellow) is an azo dye and a pH indicator. Acid Yellow 36 changes its color from red at pH 1.2 to yellow at pH 2.3. Acid Yellow 36 is used in the leather, paper and textile industries. Acid Yellow 36 acts as a bifunctional inducer of specific isozymes of P-450 and cytosolic enzymes [2] .
Msr-Ratio (Msr-green) is a ratiometric fluorescent probe of methionine sulfoxide reductase (λex=375 nm, λem=550 nm). Msr-Ratio is used for monitoring the enzyme activity in vitro and in live cells .
Fast-TRFS is a selective and superfast fluorogenic probe of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Fast-TRFS can be used for imaging TrxR activity in live cells .
Fanotaprim is a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor with IC50s of 1.57 and 308 nM for tgDHFR (Toxoplasma gondii DHFR) and hDHFR (human DHFR), respectively. Fanotaprim has the potential for the research of toxoplasmosis .
OYYF-175, an antimicrobial antifolate, is a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.36 nM for Escherichia coli DHFR. OYYF-175 exhibits potent broad-
AY 9944 is a specific cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor. AY 9944 inhibits the 7-dehydro cholesterol Δ7-reductase (DHCR7) enzyme with an IC50 of 13 nM. AY 9944 causes hypocholesterolemia and accumulation of 7DHC. At high doses, AY 9944 inhibits also in cultured embryos sterol Δ7-Δ8 isomerase, which causes the accumulation of cholest-8-en-3β-ol [2] .
2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine (N3dUrd) is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor. 2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine has anti-cancer activity . 2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Msr-blue is a first turn-on fluorescent probe for methionine sulfoxide reductase with a more than 100-fold fluorescence increment. Msr-blue is used for monitoring the enzyme activity in live cells (λex=340 nm, λem=440 nm) .
Folitixorin (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate) is a cofactor and an analog of leucovorin. Folitixorin is a promising agent for modulation of 5-FU cytotoxicity in adjuvant cancer research [2].
Cavosonstat (N91115) is an orally active S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) inhibitor. Cavosonstat is a CFTR stabilizer, and can be used for cystic fibrosis research .
Trimetrexate glucuronate (NSC 352122) is a folic acid antagonist. Trimetrexate glucuronate affects DNA and RNA synthesis by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase and preventing the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate. Trimetrexate glucuronate has potential antitumour activity and can also be used to inhibit Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia[2].
S19-1035 is a highly potent and specific aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) inhibitor. S19-1035 inhibits AKR1C3 with an IC50 value of 3.04 nM. S19-1035 can be used for the research of tumor .
Tetrahydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (TDDC) is a reduction product of dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol catalyzed by phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase. Tetrahydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol can be isolated from a hydrogenolysis product of protolignin .
Pralatrexate is an antifolate and is a potent dihydrofolate reductasean (DHFR) inhibitor with a Ki of 13.4 pM. Pralatrexate is a substrate for folylpolyglutamate synthetase with improved cellular uptake and retention. Pralatrexate has antitumor activities and has the potential for relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphoma treatment [2] . Pralatrexate is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Methotrexate (Amethopterin), an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Methotrexate, also an immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agent, is used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and a number of different cancers (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia) [2] .
Atorvastatin Epoxy Tetrahydrofuran Impurity is an impurity isolated oxidative degradation products of Atorvastatin (HY-B0589) . Atorvastatin is an orally active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has the ability to effectively decrease blood lipids.
Trimethoprim lactate is a bacteriostatic antibiotic and an orally active dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Trimethoprim lactate is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Trimethoprim lactate has the potential for the research of urinary tract infections, Shigellosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Trimethoprim lactate can inhibit infection of Influenza A virus in chick embryo when combinated with zinc [2] .
Aditoprime (Aditoprim), a selective bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, inhibits the transformation of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid. Aditoprime inhibits E.coli and L.casei DHFR with IC50 of 47 and 520 nM, respectively. Aditoprime has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, good antibacterial activity and excellent pharmacokinetics [2] .
S-2E is an orally active and noncompetitive HMG-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor. S-2E has an anti-hyperlipidemic action. S-2E has the potential for familial hypercholesterolemia and mixed hyperlipidemia research [2].
7-Ketocholesterol, toxic oxysterol, inhibits the rate-limiting step in bile acid biosynthesis cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, as well as strongly inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis). 7-Ketocholesterol induces cell apoptosis .
Methotrexate (Amethopterin) monohydrate, an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Methotrexate monohydrate, also an immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agent, is used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and a number of different cancers (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia) [2] .
Trimethoprim sulfate is a bacteriostatic antibiotic and an orally active dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Trimethoprim sulfate is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Trimethoprim sulfate has the potential for the research of urinary tract infections, Shigellosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Trimethoprim sulfate can inhibit infection of Influenza A virus in chick embryo when combinated with zinc [2] .
DHFR-IN-4 is a potent dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 123 nM. DHFR-IN-4 also has inhibitory activity against EGFR and HER2 with IC50s of 246 nM and 357 nM, respectively. DHFR-IN-4 has remarkable broad spectrum cytotoxic potency against cancer cells .
HHS-0701, a sulfur-triazole exchange (SuTEx) ligand, is a potent tyrosine-reactive prostaglandin reductase 2(PTGR2) inhibitor. HHS-0701 blocks PTGR2 metabolism of the lipid substrate 15-Keto-PGE2 .
Methotrexate-d3 diammonium is the deuterium labeled Methotrexate diammonium. Methotrexate (Amethopterin), an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Methotrexate, also an immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agent, is used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and a number of different cancers (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia) [2] .
Fluvastatin (XU 62-320 free acid) is a first fully synthetic, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. Fluvastatin protects vascular smooth muscle cells against oxidative stress through the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway [2] .
Fluvastatin sodium (XU 62320) is a first fully synthetic, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. Fluvastatin sodium protects vascular smooth muscle cells against oxidative stress through the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway [2] .
Fluvastatin-d6 (sodium) is deuterium labeled Fluvastatin sodium. Fluvastatin sodium (XU 62320) is a first fully synthetic, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM.
(3S,5R)-Fluvastatin-d6 is the deuterium labeled (3S,5R)-Fluvastatin sodium. Fluvastatin is a first fully synthetic, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. Fluvastatin protects vascular smooth muscle cells against oxidative stress through the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway[1].
7-Hydroxymethotrexate is a major metabolite of Methotrexate (MTX; HY-14519). Methotrexate, an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis [2].
AKR1C3-IN-4 is a potent and selective aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.56 μM. AKR1C3-IN-4 has the potential for castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) research .
AKR1B10-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of AKR1B10 (Aldo-Keto Reductase 1B10) with an IC50 of 3.5 nM. AKR1B10-IN-1 suppresses proliferation, metastasis, and Cisplatin (CDDP) resistance of lung cancer cells .
Busulfan is a potent alkylating antineoplastic agent. Busulfan causes DNA damage by cross-linking DNAs and DNA and proteins. Busulfan inhibits thioredoxin reductase. Busulfan induces apoptosis. Busulfan is an immunosuppressive and myeloablative chemotherapeutic agent [2] .
Busulfan-d8 is a deuterium labeled Busulfan. Busulfan is a potent alkylating antineoplastic agent. Busulfan causes DNA damage by cross-linking DNAs and DNA and proteins. Busulfan inhibits thioredoxin reductase. Busulfan induces apoptosis. Busulfan is an immunosuppressive and myeloablative chemotherapeutic agent[1][2][3].
Caracemide (NSC-253272) inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase of Escherichia coli. Caracemide is a novel anticancer agent derived from a hydroxamic acid and has demonstrated to produce severe central nervous system (CNS) toxicity [2].
Tezacitabine is a cytostatic and cytotoxic antimetabolite and a nucleoside analogue. Tezacitabine irreversibly inhibits the ribonucleotide reductase and interferes with DNA replication and repair. Tezacitabine effectively induces cells apoptotic. Tezacitabine has the potential for leukemias and solid tumors (carcinomas) treatment [2].
L-Glyceric acid is a mainly urinary metabolite accumulating in rare inherited metabolic disease L-glyceric aciduria. L-Glyceric acid can be used to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). L-Glyceric acid excretion to distinguish PH1 from PH2[2].
L-Glyceric acid sodium is a mainly urinary metabolite accumulating in rare inherited metabolic disease L-glyceric aciduria. L-Glyceric acid sodium can be used to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). L-Glyceric acid sodium excretion to distinguish PH1 from PH2[2].
TRFS-red, a red fluorescence emission off-on probe, is selective for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). TRFS-red exhibits high response rate and sensitivity. TRFS-red can be used for imaging live cells .
Ethaselen (BBSKE) is an orally active, selective thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.5 and 0.35 μM for the wild-type human TrxR1 and rat TrxR1, respectively. Ethaselen specifically binds to the unique selenocysteine-cysteine redox pair in the C-terminal active site of mammalian TrxR1. Ethaselen, an organoselenium compound, is a potent antitumor candidate that exerts potent inhibition on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by targeting TrxR [2].
PTP1B/AKR1B1-IN-1 is a dual inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and aldose reductase (AKR1B1), with IC50s of 0.06 μM and 4.3 μM, respectively. PTP1B/AKR1B1-IN-1 also inhibits TC-PTP with an IC50 value of 9 μM. PTP1B/AKR1B1-IN-1 serves as an insulin-mimetic agent in murine myoblasts, and reduces AKR1B1-dependent sorbitol accumulation. PTP1B/AKR1B1-IN-1 inhibits development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to control blood glucose levels .
DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) disodium is a disodium salt compound of HMG-CoA, is a intermediate of terpenes and ketone bodies. DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A disodium also involves in ester metabolism in vivo, as a precursor for cholesterol synthesis, and regulates cholesterol synthesis by coupling LDL receptor[2].
Fluvastatin (XU 62-320) sodium monohydrate is a first fully synthetic, competitive HMG-CoA reductaseinhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. Fluvastatin (sodium monohydrate) protects vascular smooth muscle cells against oxidative stress through the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway [2].
YM-53601 free base, a squalene synthase inhibitor, reduces plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in vivo . YM-53601 free base inhibits squalene synthase derived from human hepatoma cells with an IC50 of 79 nM. Lipid-lowering agent [2]. YM-53601 free base is also an inhibitor of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) enzyme activity and abrogates HCV propagation .
YM-53601, a squalene synthase inhibitor, reduces plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in vivo . YM-53601 inhibits squalene synthase derived from human hepatoma cells with an IC50 of 79 nM. Lipid-lowering agent [2]. YM-53601 is also an inhibitor of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) enzyme activity and abrogates HCV propagation .
TrxR-IN-6 (compound 1d) is a TrxR inhibitor that induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and has anticancer activity. TrxR-IN-6 can further lead to redox system collapse, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and DNA damage. Finally, it causes oxidative stress and induces apoptosis .
Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic and an orally active dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Trimethoprim is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Trimethoprim has the potential for the research of urinary tract infections, Shigellosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Trimethoprim can inhibit infection of Influenza A virus in chick embryo when combinated with zinc [2] .
Trimethoprim hydrochloride is a bacteriostatic antibiotic and an orally active dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. Trimethoprim hydrochloride is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Trimethoprim hydrochloride has the potential for the research of urinary tract infections, Shigellosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia. Trimethoprim hydrochloride can inhibit infection of Influenza A virus in chick embryo when combinated with zinc [2] .
Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial fatty acid synthesis at the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) step. Triclosan inhibits E. coli enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) and FabI containing a glycine-to-valine substitution at position 93 (FabIG93V) with IC50s of 2 µM and 10 µM, respectively. Triclosan causes apoptotic effect in cultured rat neural stem cells (NSC). Triclosan exacerbates colitis and colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis in animal models [2] .
DHFR-IN-15 (compound 34) is a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor with potential anticancer activity. DHFR-IN-15 effectively binds to DHFR in cells, reducing DHFR levels to 10 nM .
Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate is an orally active, non-competitive glutathione reductase inhibitor with a Ki of 111.6 μM and an IC50 of 52.3 μM. Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate is a ryanodine receptor (RyR) antagonist and Ca2+ signaling stabilizer. Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate is a direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate can be used for the research of muscle spasticity, malignant hyperthermia, Huntington's disease and other neuroleptic malignant syndrome [2] .
Dantrolene is an orally active, non-competitive glutathione reductase inhibitor with a Ki of 111.6 μM and an IC50 of 52.3 μM. Dantrolene is a ryanodine receptor (RyR) antagonist and Ca2+ signaling stabilizer. Dantrolene is a direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Dantrolene can be used for the research of muscle spasticity, malignant hyperthermia, Huntington's disease and other neuroleptic malignant syndrome [2] .
Sel-green, a selective selenol fluorescent probe, is applied to quantify the Sec content in the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase and image endogenous Sec in live HepG2 cells .
Acid Yellow 36 (Metanil Yellow) is an azo dye and a pH indicator. Acid Yellow 36 changes its color from red at pH 1.2 to yellow at pH 2.3. Acid Yellow 36 is used in the leather, paper and textile industries. Acid Yellow 36 acts as a bifunctional inducer of specific isozymes of P-450 and cytosolic enzymes [2] .
6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid is a potent and selective inhibitor of ALR2. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid inhibits ALR2, SDH andALR1 with IC50s of 9.6, 288 and 66.3 μM, respectively. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-coumarinylacetic acid clearly suppresses galactitol accumulation .
Msr-Ratio (Msr-green) is a ratiometric fluorescent probe of methionine sulfoxide reductase (λex=375 nm, λem=550 nm). Msr-Ratio is used for monitoring the enzyme activity in vitro and in live cells .
Fast-TRFS is a selective and superfast fluorogenic probe of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Fast-TRFS can be used for imaging TrxR activity in live cells .
Msr-blue is a first turn-on fluorescent probe for methionine sulfoxide reductase with a more than 100-fold fluorescence increment. Msr-blue is used for monitoring the enzyme activity in live cells (λex=340 nm, λem=440 nm) .
TRFS-red, a red fluorescence emission off-on probe, is selective for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). TRFS-red exhibits high response rate and sensitivity. TRFS-red can be used for imaging live cells .
D-Glucal is an organic compound belonging to the family of aldoses, which are monosaccharides containing an aldehyde functional group. It has a six-carbon structure and is derived from glucose by oxidation of the primary alcohol group at carbon 1 to an aldehyde group. D-Glucal is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and has a sweet taste. It is an important intermediate in the chemical synthesis of a wide variety of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products. D-Glucal can be converted into other carbohydrate derivatives such as glycosides, glycoconjugates and amino sugars. It also plays a role in the study of carbohydrate chemistry, where it is used as a chiral building block for the synthesis of complex structures.
D-Mannose isomerase (PsMaSeAF) is a carbohydrate isomerase catalyzing the reversible isomerization of d-mannose to d-fructose. D-Mannose isomerase (PsMaSeAF) belongs to the N-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase (AGE) superfamily along with AGE, cellobiose 2-epimerase (CE), and aldose-ketose isomerase (AKI) .
2-Butenoyl coenzyme A (lithium), an active compound, can be used as a substrate for plasmodium falciparum enyl-ACP reductases and other enyl-CoA reductases. 2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium can be used as a substrate analogue to study the kinetics of β-hydroxyacyl-acyl-carrier protein (ACP) dehydratase (FabZ) .
DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) disodium is a disodium salt compound of HMG-CoA, is a intermediate of terpenes and ketone bodies. DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A disodium also involves in ester metabolism in vivo, as a precursor for cholesterol synthesis, and regulates cholesterol synthesis by coupling LDL receptor[2].
Cytochrome P450 reductase is a NADPH-cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome P450 reductase has a role in promoting aromatase conformation optimal for substrate binding .
Aldose 1-epimerase (mutarotases) is a key enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism catalysing the interconversion of the α- and β-anomers of hexose sugars such as glucose and galactose. Aldose 1-epimerase is essential for normal carbohydrate metabolism and the production of complex oligosaccharides .
Danshenol A, an abietane-type diterpenoid, is an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 μM. Danshenol A can protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress by directly scavenging ROS. Danshenol A has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Danshenol A can be used for atherosclerosis research [2] .
Danshenol B is a diterpenoid. Danshenol B has strong aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.042μM. Danshenol B can be used for the research of diabetic related complication resulted by metabolic abnormality, such as cataracts, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy .
Poliumoside, a caffeoylated phenylpropanoid glycoside, is isolated from Brandisia hancei stems and leaves. Poliumoside is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibitor, with IC50s of 19.69 and 8.47 μM, respectively. Poliumoside also has antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity [2] .
(Rac)-Byakangelicin is a racemate of Byakangelicin mainly isolated from the genus Angelica. Byakangelicin is an aldose-reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 6.2 μM .
β-Glucogallin is a potent and selective aldose reductase (AKR1B1) inhibitor. β-Glucogallin can be isolated from the medicinal plant Emblica officinalis .
Quercetin 3-gentiobioside is isolated from A. iwayomogi, AR and AGE formation inhibitor, demonstrates biological activities against Aldose reductase (AR) and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) .
Isoliquiritigenin is an anti-tumor flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., which inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 of 320 nM. Isoliquiritigenin is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus replication with an EC50 of 24.7 μM.
Ganoderic acid Df is a lanostane-type triterpenoid, that can be isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid Df potently inhibits aldose reductase, with an IC50 of 22.8 ± 0.6 μM .
Groenlandicine is a protoberberine alkaloid isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma. Groenlandicine exhibits moderate inhibitory effect with IC50 value of 154.2 μM for human recombinant aldose reductase (HRAR) . Groenlandicine selectively induces topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage [2].
Ganoderic acid C2 is a bioactive triterpenoid in Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid C2 possesses the potential anti-tumor bioactivity, antihistamine, anti-aging and cytotoxic effects. Ganoderic acid C2 exhibits high inhibitory activity against the rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) with an IC50 of 3.8 µM [2].
Calceolarioside B is a natural product isolated from Akebia quinata leaves. Calceolarioside B exhibits significant inhibitory activity against rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) with an IC50 of 23.99 μM. Calceolarioside B displays inhibitory effect on DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 94.60 μM .
6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) is an flavonoid isolated from Artemisia iwayomogi. 6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) is an inhibitor on aldose reductase (AR) and advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation activities with IC50 values of 30.29 μM and 134.88 μM, respectively. 6-Methoxytricin (Compound 6) has potential as an anti-diabetic complications agent .
Dehydroglyasperin D inhibits rat and human Aldose Reductase (AR) (IC50: 62.4 μM and 176.2 μM respectively). Dehydroglyasperin D has anti-obesity, antioxidant effects. Dehydroglyasperin D shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting COX-2 expression and the MLK3 signaling pathway. Dehydroglyasperin D also inhibits melanin synthesis. Dehydroglyasperin D is a prenylated flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensi[2] .
Paecilaminol (FKI-0550) is potent NADH-fumarate reductase inhibitor. Paecilaminol exhibits an IC50 value of 5.1 μM against Ascaris suum NADH-fumarate reductase .
Ganomycin I is a dual inhibitor of α-Glucosidase and HMG-CoA reductase. Ganomycin I can also inhibits HIV protease. Ganomycin I exhibits anti-diabetic and anti-osteoclastogenesis effects [2].
Menthofuran is a proximate toxic metabolite of (R)-(+)-Pulegone. Menthofuran regulates essential oil biosynthesis in peppermint by controlling a downstream monoterpene reductase [2].
Ferulenol, a sesquiterpene prenylated coumarin derivative, specifically inhibits succinate ubiquinone reductase at the level of the ubiquinonecycle. Ferulenol shows good antimycobacterial activity and haemorrhagic action [2] .
Folitixorin (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate) is a cofactor and an analog of leucovorin. Folitixorin is a promising agent for modulation of 5-FU cytotoxicity in adjuvant cancer research [2].
Tetrahydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (TDDC) is a reduction product of dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol catalyzed by phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase. Tetrahydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol can be isolated from a hydrogenolysis product of protolignin .
7-Ketocholesterol, toxic oxysterol, inhibits the rate-limiting step in bile acid biosynthesis cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, as well as strongly inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis). 7-Ketocholesterol induces cell apoptosis .
L-Glyceric acid is a mainly urinary metabolite accumulating in rare inherited metabolic disease L-glyceric aciduria. L-Glyceric acid can be used to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). L-Glyceric acid excretion to distinguish PH1 from PH2[2].
L-Glyceric acid sodium is a mainly urinary metabolite accumulating in rare inherited metabolic disease L-glyceric aciduria. L-Glyceric acid sodium can be used to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). L-Glyceric acid sodium excretion to distinguish PH1 from PH2[2].
YM-53601 free base, a squalene synthase inhibitor, reduces plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in vivo . YM-53601 free base inhibits squalene synthase derived from human hepatoma cells with an IC50 of 79 nM. Lipid-lowering agent [2]. YM-53601 free base is also an inhibitor of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) enzyme activity and abrogates HCV propagation .
Aldose 1-epimerase/GALM Protein, Human (His) is a key enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism catalysing the interconversion of the alpha- and beta-anomers of hexose sugars such as glucose and galactose.
Peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1) is a thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides and plays a crucial role in cellular protection against oxidative stress. It detoxifies peroxide and senses hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events. PRDX1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived PRDX1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-6*His, N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PRDX1 Protein, Human (His) is 199 a.a., with molecular weight of ~27.0 kDa.
AKR1B10; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10; ARL-1; Aldosereductase-like; Aldosereductase-related protein; ARP; hARP; Small intestine reductase; SI reductase
The Aldose-reductase protein reduces carbonyl-containing compounds to alcohols, including retinals. It detoxifies unsaturated carbonyls like crotonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, but lacks reductase activity towards glucose. Aldose-reductase Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived Aldose-reductase protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of Aldose-reductase Protein, Human is 316 a.a., .
AKR1B10; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10; ARL-1; Aldosereductase-like; Aldosereductase-related protein; ARP; hARP; Small intestine reductase; SI reductase
The Aldose-reductase protein reduces carbonyl-containing compounds to alcohols, including retinals. It detoxifies unsaturated carbonyls like crotonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, but lacks reductase activity towards glucose. Aldose-reductase Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived Aldose-reductase protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Aldose-reductase Protein, Human (His) is 316 a.a., .
The GRE3 protein is an aldose reductase that reduces the cytotoxic compound methylglyoxal (MG) to acetol and (R)-lactaldehyde, especially under stress conditions. MG is synthesized from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and is involved in cell cycle regulation and stress adaptation. GRE3 Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the recombinant GRE3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of GRE3 Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 327 a.a., .
The GRE3 protein is an aldose reductase that reduces the cytotoxic compound methylglyoxal (MG) to acetol and (R)-lactaldehyde, especially under stress conditions. MG is synthesized from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and is involved in cell cycle regulation and stress adaptation. GRE3 Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (His) is the recombinant GRE3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of GRE3 Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (His) is 327 a.a., .
Methotrexate-d3 diammonium is the deuterium labeled Methotrexate diammonium. Methotrexate (Amethopterin), an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Methotrexate, also an immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agent, is used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and a number of different cancers (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia) [2] .
Fluvastatin-d6 (sodium) is deuterium labeled Fluvastatin sodium. Fluvastatin sodium (XU 62320) is a first fully synthetic, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM.
Busulfan-d8 is a deuterium labeled Busulfan. Busulfan is a potent alkylating antineoplastic agent. Busulfan causes DNA damage by cross-linking DNAs and DNA and proteins. Busulfan inhibits thioredoxin reductase. Busulfan induces apoptosis. Busulfan is an immunosuppressive and myeloablative chemotherapeutic agent[1][2][3].
2,6-Dimethoxyphenol-d6 is deuterated labeled Menthofuran (HY-N9484). Menthofuran is a proximate toxic metabolite of (R)-(+)-Pulegone. Menthofuran regulates essential oil biosynthesis in peppermint by controlling a downstream monoterpene reductase [2].
(3S,5R)-Fluvastatin-d6 is the deuterium labeled (3S,5R)-Fluvastatin sodium. Fluvastatin is a first fully synthetic, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. Fluvastatin protects vascular smooth muscle cells against oxidative stress through the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway[1].
Thioredoxin Reductase 2 Antibody (YA661) is a non-conjugated and Mouse origined monoclonal antibody about 57 kDa, targeting to Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (3F2). It can be used for WB assays with tag free, in the background of Human.
Peroxiredoxin 1 Antibody (YA692) is a non-conjugated and Mouse origined monoclonal antibody about 22 kDa, targeting to Peroxiredoxin 1 (6A6). It can be used for WB,IHC-F,IHC-P,ICC/IF assays with tag free, in the background of Human, Mouse, Rat.
AKR1B10; AKR1B11; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10; ARL-1; Aldosereductase-like; Aldosereductase-related protein (ARP; hARP); Small intestine reductase (SI reductase)
5 alpha SR2; EC; SR type 2; Steroid 5 alpha reductase 2; 3 oxo 5 alpha steroid 4 dehydrogenase 2; 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2; 5 alpha-SR2; 5ART2; e II 5 alpha reductase; EC; MGC138457; Micropenis, included; S5A2_HUMAN; S5AR 2; SR type 2; SRD5A2; Steroid 5 alpha reductase 2; Steroid 5-alpha-reductase 2; Steroid-5-alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 2 (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase alpha 2); Type II 5-alpha reductase.
ELISA; IHC-P; IHC-F; IF
Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig, Horse
SRD5A2 Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 28 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-SRD5A2 polyclonal antibody. SRD5A2 Antibody can be used for: ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-F, IF expriments in (predicted) human, mouse, rat, pig, horse background without labeling.
KSC-34, a covalent modifier of protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1), is also a selective and potent a-site inhibitor of PDIA1 with an IC50 of 3.5 μM. KSC-34 displays a 30-fold selectivity for a domain over a′ domain and displays high selectivity for PDIA1 in complex proteomes with minimal engagement of other members of the PDI family . KSC-34 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Pralatrexate is an antifolate and is a potent dihydrofolate reductasean (DHFR) inhibitor with a Ki of 13.4 pM. Pralatrexate is a substrate for folylpolyglutamate synthetase with improved cellular uptake and retention. Pralatrexate has antitumor activities and has the potential for relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphoma treatment [2] . Pralatrexate is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine (N3dUrd) is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor. 2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine has anti-cancer activity . 2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
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